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Guides and field tests

Understand how your connection works, where it leaks, and how to harden it. Long-form, sourced, kept up to date.

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Home Wi-Fi router plugged in — the WPA encryption version determines what a neighbour can technically do with your signal.

2026-05-2916 min

WPA2 vs WPA3: what the new Wi-Fi standard actually changes in 2026

Technical differences between WPA2 and WPA3, known WPA2 vulnerabilities (KRACK, PMKID, dictionary attacks), concrete improvements in WPA3 (SAE, PFS, OWE), and what to do if your hardware doesn't yet support the new standard.

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Coworking space with a laptop open in a café — free Wi-Fi can track every domain you visit.

2026-05-2926 min

Public Wi-Fi Risks in 2026: What Your Hotel, Airport, or ISP Can Actually See

What public Wi-Fi operators see on your connections, how they can intercept unencrypted traffic, and the updated list of attacks documented in 2025–2026 — plus the VPN countermeasure that actually works.

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Dark screen showing a terminal and a browser — Tor and VPN both aim to hide your origin, but by completely different methods.

2026-05-2917 min

Tor vs VPN: differences, how they complement each other, and real risks (2026)

How Tor and VPN work, what each actually protects, when to combine them (Tor over VPN or VPN over Tor), and the real limitations you need to understand before confusing anonymity with privacy.

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Wi-Fi antenna mounted on a station wall — public infrastructure logs every MAC address in range to measure footfall.

2026-05-2916 min

MAC spoofing on public Wi-Fi: what it actually changes for your privacy

MAC address, offline tracking in shops, native randomisation on iOS/Android/Windows, manual spoofing per OS, limits against other fingerprints, and the legal picture in the UK/US/EU — the complete breakdown.

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Red circuit-breaker button on a control panel — a metaphor for the VPN kill switch.

2026-05-2913 min

VPN kill switch explained: how it works and why it's non-negotiable

The kill switch cuts your connection the moment the VPN drops — preventing your real IP from appearing in the clear for 30 seconds. Here's the exact mechanism, OS variants, and pitfalls to avoid.

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Smartphone sharing its mobile connection to a laptop — 4G/5G tethering radically changes the attack surface compared to public WiFi.

2026-05-2914 min

Mobile hotspot vs public WiFi: which is really safer in 2026

Compared attack surface between a shared 4G/5G hotspot and airport or hotel public WiFi, who sees what on the mobile carrier side vs hotspot provider side, real data cost, and the safest stack with a VPN.

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